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standard
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音标：英 ['stændəd] 美 ['stændɚd]
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解释：
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n. 标准；水准；旗；度量衡标准
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adj. 标准的；合规格的；公认为优秀的
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n. (Standard)人名；(英)斯坦达德；(德)施坦达德
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中文词源：
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standard 旗杆，旗帜，标准，规范来自古法语 estandart,军旗，旗帜，等同于 stand hard,字面意思即稳固站立。引申词义标准， 规范等。
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英文词源：
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standard
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standard: Standard ‘flag, banner’ [12] denotes etymologically something that is ‘extended’ or unfurled. The word comes from Anglo-Norman estaundart ‘flag displayed on a battlefield so that troops can rally to it’. This was a derivative of Old French estendre ‘extend’ (first cousin of English extend). The sense ‘criterion, norm’, which emerged in the 15th century, is probably a metaphorical application of the notion of the ‘royal standard’ or banner as being the point from which authoritative commands (as of standards of weight and measurement) are issued. Standard ‘upright object, such as a tree’ [13] is probably an alteration of stander.
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=> extend; stand
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standard (n.1)
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mid-12c., "flag or other conspicuous object to serve as a rallying point for a military force," from shortened form of Old French estandart "military standard, banner." According to Barnhart and others, this is probably from Frankish *standhard, literally "stand fast or firm," a compound of unrecorded Frankish words cognate stand (v.) and hard. So called because the flag was fixed to a pole or spear and stuck in the ground to stand upright. The more common theory [OED, etc.] calls this folk-etymology and connects the Old French word to estendre "to stretch out," from Latin extendere (see extend). Some senses (such as "upright pole," mid-15c.) seem to be influenced by if not from stand (v.). Standard-bearer in the figurative sense is from 1560s.
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standard (adj.)
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1620s, "serving as a standard," from standard (adj.). Earlier it meant "upright" (1530s). Standard-bred "bred up to some agreed-upon standard of excellence" is from 1888.
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standard (n.2)
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"weight, measure, or instrument by which the accuracy of others is determined," late 14c., from standard (n.1) "military standard, banner," a particular use in English of this word, but the sense evolution is "somewhat obscure" [OED]. The standard weights and measures were set by royal ordinance and were known as the king's standard, so perhaps metaphoric, the royal standard coming to stand for royal authority in matters like setting weights and measures. Hence the meaning "authoritative or recognized exemplar of quality or correctness" (late 15c.). Meaning "rule, principal or means of judgment" is from 1560s. That of "definite level of attainment" is attested from 1711 (as in standard of living, 1903).
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双语例句：
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1. The London Evening Standard moved offices a few years ago.
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《伦敦标准晚报》报址几年前迁走了。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. The standard of living today is on the edge of subsistence.
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现在的生活水平几乎快要无法维持生计。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. Residents in general are poor and undereducated, and live in sub-standard housing.
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居民们普遍都很贫穷，受教育程度低，居住条件较差。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. It carried off the Evening Standard drama award for best play.
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它获得伦敦晚间标准戏剧奖的最佳戏剧奖。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. Generations of students have learnt to parrot the standard explanations.
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一代又一代学生学会了机械地重复这些标准解释。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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a fall in academic standards
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学术水准的下降【牛津词典】
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We aim to maintain high standards of customer care.
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我们的宗旨是始终以高标准为顾客服务。【牛津词典】
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The standard of this year's applications is very low.
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今年的申请标准很低。【牛津词典】
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He failed to reach the required standard , and did not qualify for the race.
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他未能达到所要求的标准，因而不具备参赛资格。【牛津词典】
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Her work is not up to standard (= of a good enough standard) .
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她的工作不合格。【牛津词典】
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Who sets the standard for water quality?
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水质标准由谁来制订？【牛津词典】
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A number of Britain's beaches fail to meet European standards on cleanliness.
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英国有几处海滩不符合欧洲的清洁标准。【牛津词典】
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In the shanty towns there are very poor living standards .
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棚户区的生活水平很低。【牛津词典】
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You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live.
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要想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低要求。【牛津词典】
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It was a simple meal by Eddie's standards.
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在埃迪看来，那不过是一顿便饭。【牛津词典】
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The equipment is slow and heavy by modern standards .
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按现代标准，那台设备又慢又笨重。【牛津词典】
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a man of high moral standards
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道德水准高的人【牛津词典】
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Standards aren't what they used to be.
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现在的行为标准和过去不一样了。【牛津词典】
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a reduction in the weight standard of silver coins
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银币法定重量标准的降低【牛津词典】
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industry standards
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工业标准【牛津词典】
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A standard letter was sent to all candidates.
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给所有求职者均寄去了一封标准函。【牛津词典】
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Televisions are a standard feature in most hotel rooms.
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电视机是多数旅馆房间里的标准设施。【牛津词典】
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the standard rate of tax (= paid by everyone)
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标准税率【牛津词典】
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It is standard practice to search visitors as they enter the building.
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对进入这栋建筑物的来访者进行搜查是例行做法。【牛津词典】
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All vehicles come with a CD player as standard .
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所有汽车售出时通常都配有CD播放机。【牛津词典】
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standard sizes of clothes
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服装的标准尺寸【牛津词典】
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Standard English
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规范的英语【牛津词典】
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The standard of professional cricket has never been lower...
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职业板球的水平从来没有这么低过。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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There will be new national standards for hospital cleanliness.
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有关医院清洁的新国家标准将会出台。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...systems that were by later standards absurdly primitive.
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以后来的标准来衡量显得非常原始的系统【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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My father has always had high moral standards.
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我父亲一直具有很高的道德准则。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It was standard practice for untrained clerks to advise in serious cases such as murder...
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让未经过训练的书记员在诸如谋杀等重大案件中提供建议是普遍的做法。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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No other executive car can offer you the same level of standard equipment at this price.
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再无其他高级轿车能按这个价格水平为你提供同样水准的标准配置。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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By conventional standards, Leah was a typical successful woman before she changed her career.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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The average international runway model has a body mass index ( ' , BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words: standards, results, skills, self-control, accountability, and so on.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Considering that the government's standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the picture is clear: by not cooking at home, we're not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Apple's products were designed to accord with the boss's tastes and to meet his extremely high standards.【出自-2012年12月阅读原文】
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While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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Students have to meet higher academic standards【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day.【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also makes them known to others.【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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To conform to international standards.【出自-2010年6月阅读原文】
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Provide professional standard care.【出自-2011年6月听力原文】
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Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven.【2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C】
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He also perfected the souffle—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chef's uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today.【2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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He wanted to "set the standard for beauty in classical and mode cooling, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world", as he wrote in his papers.【2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves.【2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C】
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The average international runway model has a body mass index BMI under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard.【2016年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C】
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There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert sa【2015年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc.【2016年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C】
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In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emul】
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