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fire
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音标：英 ['faɪə] 美 [faɪr]
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解释：
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n. 火；火灾；炮火；炉火；热情；激情；磨难
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vt. 点燃；解雇；开除；使发光；烧制；激动；放枪
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vi. 着火；射击；开枪；激动；烧火
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中文词源：
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fire 火来自PIE*paewr, 火，词源同pyre,empyrean. 该词在印欧语用来指无生命之火，而PIE*egni则用来指有生命之火，词源同ignite.
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英文词源：
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fire
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fire: [OE] Appropriately enough for one of the mainsprings of human civilization, the word fire is widespread amongst Indo-European languages (although it is only one of two competing ‘fire’ strands, the other being represented in English by ignite). Among its relatives are Greek pur (whence English pyre, pyrotechnic, and, by a very circuitous route, bureau), Czech pýr ‘embers’, Armenian hūr, and Hittite pahhur, pointing back to a prehistoric Indo-European *pūr. Its Germanic descendant was *fūir, from which came German feuer, Dutch vuur, and English fire.
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=> bureau, pyre, pyrotechnic
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fire (n.)
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Old English fyr "fire, a fire," from Proto-Germanic *fur-i- (cognates: Old Saxon fiur, Old Frisian fiur, Old Norse fürr, Middle Dutch and Dutch vuur, Old High German fiur, German Feuer "fire"), from PIE *perjos, from root *paəwr- "fire" (cognates: Armenian hur "fire, torch," Czech pyr "hot ashes," Greek pyr, Umbrian pir, Sanskrit pu, Hittite pahhur "fire"). Current spelling is attested as early as 1200, but did not fully displace Middle English fier (preserved in fiery) until c. 1600.
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PIE apparently had two roots for fire: *paewr- and *egni- (source of Latin ignis). The former was "inanimate," referring to fire as a substance, and the latter was "animate," referring to it as a living force (compare water (n.1)). Brend child fuir fordredeþ ["The Proverbs of Hendyng," c. 1250]
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English fire was applied to "ardent, burning" passions or feelings from mid-14c. Meaning "discharge of firearms, action of guns, etc." is from 1580s. To be on fire is from c. 1500 (in fire attested from c. 1400, as is on a flame "on fire"). To play with fire in the figurative sense "risk disaster, meddle carelessly or ignorantly with a dangerous matter" is by 1861, from the common warning to children. Phrase where's the fire?, said to one in an obvious hurry, is by 1917, American English.
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Fire-bell is from 1620s; fire-alarm as a self-acting, mechanical device is from 1808 as a theoretical creation; practical versions began to appear in the early 1830s. Fire-escape (n.) is from 1788 (the original so-called was a sort of rope-ladder disguised as a small settee); fire-extinguisher is from 1826. A fire-bucket (1580s) carries water to a fire. Fire-house is from 1899; fire-hall from 1867, fire-station from 1828. Fire company "men for managing a fire-engine" is from 1744, American English. Fire brigade "firefighters organized in a body in a particular place" is from 1838. Fire department, usually a branch of local government, is from 1805. Fire-chief is from 1877; fire-ranger from 1909.
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Symbolic fire and the sword is by c. 1600 (translating Latin flamma ferroque absumi); earlier yron and fyre (1560s), with suerd & flawme (mid-15c.), mid fure & mid here ("with fire and armed force"), c. 1200. Fire-breathing is from 1590s. To set the river on fire, "accomplish something surprising or remarkable" (usually with a negative and said of one considered foolish or incompetent) is by 1830, often with the name of a river, varying according to locality, but the original is set the Thames on fire (1796). The hypothetical feat was mentioned as the type of something impossibly difficult by 1720; it circulated as a theoretical possibility under some current models of chemistry c. 1792-95, which may have contributed to the rise of the expression. [A]mong other fanciful modes of demonstrating the practicability of conducting the gas wherever it might be required, he anchored a small boat in the stream about 50 yards from the shore, to which he conveyed a pipe, having the end turned up so as to rise above the water, and forcing the gas through the pipe, lighted it just above the surface, observing to his friends "that he had now set the river on fire." ["On the Origins and Progress of Gas-lighting," in "Repertory of Patent Inventions," vol. III, London, 1827]
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fire (v.)
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c. 1200, furen, "arouse, enflame, excite" (a figurative use); literal sense of "set fire to" is attested from late 14c., from fire (n.). The Old English verb fyrian "to supply with fire" apparently did not survive into Middle English. Related: Fired; firing.
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Meaning "expose to the effects of heat or fire" (of bricks, pottery, etc.) is from 1660s. Meaning "to discharge artillery or a firearm" (originally by application of fire) is from 1520s; extended sense of "to throw (as a missile)" is from 1580s. Fire away in the figurative sense of "go ahead" is from 1775.
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The sense of "sack, dismiss from employment" is recorded by 1885 (with out; 1887 alone) in American English. This probably is a play on the two meanings of discharge (v.): "to dismiss from a position," and "to fire a gun," influenced by the earlier general sense "throw (someone) out" of some place (1871). To fire out "drive out by or as if by fire" (1520s) is in Shakespeare and Chapman. Fired up "angry" is from 1824 (to fire up "become angry" is from 1798).
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双语例句：
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1. He said they should turn their fire on the Conservative Party instead.
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他说他们应该掉转枪口，向保守党开火。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. The council recently drew fire for its intervention in the dispute.
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委员会最近因为介入该起争端而遭到批评。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. If something's a sure-fire hit then Radio One will play it.
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如果哪首歌一定会火，那么第一频道肯定会播出。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. Legs of pork were cured and smoked over the fire.
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在火上熏制猪腿。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. Don't leave a child alone in a room with an open fire.
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房间里有裸露的明火时，不要让孩子独处其中。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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The captain radioed that the ship was on fire.
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船长发无线电说船着火了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He was on fire with this marvelous sight.
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看到这一令人叹为观止的景象，他激动万分。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Schulte warned government and industrial leaders that those who even venture to think about mass layoffs are playing with fire.
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舒尔特警告政府和业界领袖说，哪怕只是动动大规模裁员念头的人都是在玩火。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They set fire to vehicles outside that building...
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他们纵火焚烧了停在那幢大楼外的车辆。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Lightning set several buildings on fire.
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闪电燃着了几栋大楼。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Put on a helmet, fire up your engine and head out on the open road.
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戴上头盔，发动引擎，开上乡村干道。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The president knows his task is to fire up the delegates.
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总统知道自己的任务就是唤起代表的热情。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Seven people were wounded when soldiers fired rubber bullets to disperse crowds...
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士兵发射橡皮子弹驱散人群时有7个人受了伤。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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New guns firing high explosive shells were incorporated into the battlefield...
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发射高爆弹的新型大炮在战场上得到了使用。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Rocco does not have the same fire in his belly as his father.
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罗科不像他父亲那样充满激情。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The only way they can deal with crime is to fight fire with fire.
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他们打击犯罪的唯一方法就是以牙还牙。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The play only really catches fire once Aschenbach falls in love.
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这部剧直到阿申巴赫堕入情网后才真正开始精彩起来。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The aircraft caught fire soon after take-off.
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飞机起飞后不久就着火了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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My home catches fire and everything is destroyed...
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我家失了火，所有的东西都烧毁了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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His punishing schedule seemed to dim his fire at times.
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繁忙的日程似乎有时让他精力不济。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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After the pot is dipped in this mixture, it is fired...
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陶罐在这一混合料中浸过之后就拿去烧制。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I have watched the potters mold, fire and paint their bowls, plates and vases with sacred designs.
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我见过制陶工人捏塑、烧制碗碟花瓶，并在上面涂绘各种宗教图案。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The engine fired and we moved off.
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点着引擎后我们就开走了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The engines were fired with coal and needed water to keep the steam up.
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这些发动机烧煤，并且需要加水以不断产生蒸汽。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the potential to fire the imagination of an entire generation...
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能够激发整整一代人想象力的潜能【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It was Allen who fired this rivalry with real passion...
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是艾伦为这场较量注入了激情。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I went to hear him speak and was very impressed. He seemed so full of fire...
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我去听了他的讲话，结果留下了非常深刻的印象。他看上去充满了激情。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They saw a big flash and a huge ball of fire reaching hundreds of feet into the sky...
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他们看见一道强光和一个巨大的火球冲向数百英尺的高空。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Many students were trapped by smoke and fire on an upper floor.
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许多学生被浓烟和大火困在了较高的一层上。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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87 people died in a fire at the Happy Land Social Club...
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87 人在乐土社交俱乐部的火灾中丧生。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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A forest fire is sweeping across portions of north Maine this evening...
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今晚一场森林大火正席卷缅因州北部的部分地区。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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There was a fire in the grate...
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壁炉内燃着火。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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After the killing, he calmly lit a fire to destroy evidence.
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杀人后，他镇定地点起火销毁罪证。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The gas fire was still alight...
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燃气取暖器还在烧着。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She switched on one bar of the electric fire.
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她打开了一片电暖器。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We recently caught up with yoga entrepreneur Leah Zaccaria, who put herself through the fire of change to completely reinvent herself.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Some began to stop taking bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire.【出自-2014年6月阅读原文】
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Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest)【出自-2014年6月阅读原文】
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Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.【出自-2014年6月阅读原文】
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And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter's night.【出自-2014年6月阅读原文】
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In March its chief executive was fired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama.【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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In March, General Motors' chief executive was fired by Mr Obama for poor management【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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Two employees the Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them.【出自-2011年12月听力原文】
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One of the greatest heartbreaks for fire fighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building because the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found dead.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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Saddest of all is when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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He displays fire fighters' equipment, including the oxygen mask, which he encourages his listeners to play with and put on.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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Velez and other fire fighters throughout North America, who give similar presentations, will never know how many lives they save through their talks【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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Why do some children trapped in a burning building hide from masked fire fighters?【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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What does the passage tell us about fire fighter Eric Velez【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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He often teaches children what to do during a fire.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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He rescued a student from a big fire【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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He travels all over America to help put out fires.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.【2017年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C】
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Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Haywood.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn't start up again.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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It was the site of a 2006 fire and has remained vacant ever since.【2018年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A】
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six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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The fire department of New York says the vacant 100-year-old building being pulled down partially collapsed.【2018年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A】
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There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
128、
After the high-pressure Countdown round at this year's national MathCounts competition, in which the top 12 students went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists for the Math Video Challenge took the stage to show their videos.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water.【出自-2016年12月听力原文】
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It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire their own advertising staff.【出自-2015】
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