scale的翻译与解释是什么
发布于 2023-10-22 03:33:34
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详情：
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scale
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音标：英 [skeɪl] 美 [skel]
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解释：
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n. 规模；比例；鳞；刻度；天平；数值范围
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vi. 衡量；攀登；剥落；生水垢
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vt. 测量；攀登；刮鳞；依比例决定
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n. (Scale)人名；(意)斯卡莱
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中文词源：
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scale 水垢，牙石，秤，天平，鳞片来自古诺斯语 skel,贝壳，skal,碗，饮水容器，来自 Proto-Germanic*skaela,分开，劈开，来自 PIE*skel,砍，切，分开，词源同 shell,scallop.由贝壳引申词义碗，饮水器具，由贝壳的钙化 性质引申词义水垢，牙石，由碗，饮水容器引申词义秤，天平，即秤的原型，由该印欧语的 词根义引申词义鱼鳞，鳞片等。
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scale 梯子，攀登，攀爬，规模，范围，程度，等级，比例来自拉丁语 scala,梯子，来自（缩写自）scandere,攀爬，攀登，来自 PIE*skand,爬，上升， 词源同 scan,ascend,descend.字母 d 脱落，类似拼写比较 rule,regulate.引申词义规模，范围， 程度，等级，比例等。
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英文词源：
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scale
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scale: English has three separate words scale. The oldest, ‘pan of a balance’ [13], was borrowed from Old Norse skál ‘bowl, drinking cup’ (ancestor of Swedish skåal, from which English gets the toast skol [16]). This was descended from a Germanic base *skal-, *skel-, *skul-, denoting ‘split, divide, peel’, which also produced English scalp, shell, shelter, shield, skill, probably skull, and also scale ‘external plate on fish, etc’ [14].
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This second scale was borrowed from Old French escale, which itself was acquired from prehistoric Germanic *skalō – another derivative of *skal-. Its modern German descendant, schale, is the probable source of English shale [18]. The third scale, which originally meant ‘ladder’ [15], came from Latin scāla ‘ladder’, a descendant of the same base as Latin scandere ‘climb’, from which English gets ascend, descend, scan, and scandal. (In modern French scāla has evolved to échelle, whose derivative échelon has given English echelon [18].) The modern meanings of the word, variations on the theme ‘system of graduations used for measuring’, are metaphorical extensions of the original ‘ladder, steps’.
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Its use as a verb, meaning ‘climb’, goes back to the medieval Latin derivative scālāre.
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=> scalp, shell, shelter, shield, skill, skol, skull; shale; ascend, descend, echelon, scan, scandal
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scale (n.1)
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"skin plates on fish or snakes," c. 1300, from Old French escale "cup, scale, shell pod, husk" (12c., Modern French écale) "scale, husk," from Frankish *skala or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *skælo "split, divide" (cognates: Dutch schaal "a scale, husk," Old High German scala "shell," Gothic skalja "tile," Old English scealu "shell, husk"), from PIE root *(s)kel- (1) "to cut, cleave, split" (cognates: Latin culter "knife," scalpere "to cut, scrape;" Old Church Slavonic skolika "mussel, shell," Russian skala "rind, bark," Lithuanian skelti "split," Old English scell "shell," scalu "drinking cup, bowl, scale of a balance").
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In reference to humans, as a condition of certain skin diseases, it is attested from c. 1400. As what falls from one's eye when blindness ends (usually figurative), it echoes Acts ix:18 (Latin tanquam squamæ, Greek hosei lepides).
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scale (n.2)
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weighing instrument, early 15c.; earlier "pan of a balance" (late 14c.); earlier still "drinking cup" (c. 1200), from Old Norse skal "bowl, drinking cup," in plural, "weighing scale" from a noun derivative of Proto-Germanic *skæla "split, divide" (cognates: Old Norse skel "shell," Old English scealu, Old Saxon skala "a bowl (to drink from)," Old High German scala, German Schale "a bowl, dish, cup," Middle Dutch scale, Dutch schaal "drinking cup, bowl, shell, scale of a balance"), from PIE root *skel- (1) "to cut" (see scale (n.1)).
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The connecting sense seems to be of half of a bivalve ("split") shell used as a drinking cup or a pan for weighing. But according to Paulus Diaconus the "drinking cup" sense originated from a supposed custom of making goblets from skulls (see skull). Related: Scales. This, as a name for the zodiac constellation Libra, is attested in English from 1630s.
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scale (v.1)
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"to climb by or as by a ladder," late 14c., from scale (n.) "a ladder," from Latin scala "ladder, flight of stairs," from *scansla, from stem of scandere "to climb" (see scan (v.)). Related: Scaled; scaling.
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scale (n.3)
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"series of registering marks to measure by; marks laid down to determine distance along a line," late 14c., from Latin scala "ladder, staircase" (see scale (v.1)). Meaning "succession or series of steps" is from c. 1600; that of "standard for estimation" (large scale, small scale, etc.) is from 1620s. Musical sense (1590s), and the meaning "proportion of a representation to the actual object" (1660s) are via Italian scala, from Latin scala.
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scale (v.3)
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"weigh in scales," 1690s, from scale (n.2). Earlier "to compare, estimate" (c. 1600). Meaning "measure or regulate by a scale" is from 1798, from scale (n.3); that of "weigh out in proper quantities" is from 1841. Scale down "reduce proportionately" is attested from 1887. Scale factor is from 1948. Related: Scaled; scaling.
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scale (v.2)
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"remove the scales of (a fish, etc.)," c. 1400, from scale (n.1). Intransitive sense "to come off in scales" is from 1520s. Related: Scaled; scaling.
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双语例句：
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1. The patient rates the therapies on a scale of zero to ten.
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患者按十分制给这些治疗方法打分。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. The scale of migration took a quantum leap in the early 1970s.
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20世纪70年代初，移民的规模骤然扩大。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. Car firms are desperate to achieve economies of scale.
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汽车厂商拼命想要实现规模经济。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. A full-scale debate is under way on what ails the industry.
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关于工业为何陷入困境正在展开一场全面的讨论。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. You may feel dwarfed by the sheer scale of the place.
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看到此处气势如此恢宏，你可能会觉得自己很渺小。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests) .
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他们大宴宾客。【牛津词典】
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Here was corruption on a grand scale .
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这里的腐败现象曾十分严重。【牛津词典】
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On a global scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.
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全球77%的能量产生自化石燃料。【牛津词典】
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to achieve economies of scale in production (= to produce many items so the cost of producing each one is reduced)
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实现规模生产【牛津词典】
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It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the disaster.
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这场灾难的深重程度是无法充分认识的。【牛津词典】
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It was not until morning that the sheer scale of the damage could be seen (= how great it was) .
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直到早晨才看清了损害的严重程度。【牛津词典】
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a five-point pay scale
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五分制工资等级【牛津词典】
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to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10
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按1到10级来评估业绩【牛津词典】
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At the other end of the scale , life is a constant struggle to get enough to eat.
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对于处在社会最底层的人来说，生活就是为吃饱肚子而不断挣扎的过程。【牛津词典】
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the social scale
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社会等级体系【牛津词典】
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How much does it read on the scale?
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刻度显示的是多少？【牛津词典】
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bathroom/kitchen/weighing scales
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浴室磅秤；厨房用秤；秤【牛津词典】
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(figurative)the scales of justice (= represented as the two pans on a balance(5) )
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法律公正的天平【牛津词典】
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a scale of 1:25 000
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1：25 000的比例【牛津词典】
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a scale model/drawing
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按比例缩放的模型 / 图画【牛津词典】
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However, he underestimates the scale of the problem...
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然而，他低估了问题的严重性。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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You may feel dwarfed by the sheer scale of the place...
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看到此处气势如此恢宏，你可能会觉得自己很渺小。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...an earthquake measuring five-point-five on the Richter scale...
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里氏 5.5 级地震【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The patient rates the therapies on a scale of zero to ten...
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患者按十分制给这些治疗方法打分。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...those on the high end of the pay scale...
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工资级别最高的人【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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A Registered Osteopath will be pleased to tell you his scale of fees before you decide on a consultation.
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在病人决定是否就诊之前，注册整骨医师会很乐意告知其收费标准。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The map, on a scale of 1:10,000, shows over 5,000 individual paths.
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该地图以 1:10,000 的比例尺显示了 5,000 多条不同道路。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Franklin made his mother an intricately detailed scale model of the house.
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富兰克林为他的母亲制作了一个复杂精细的房屋模型。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the scale of C major.
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C 大调音阶【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a pair of kitchen scales.
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一台厨房秤【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...bathroom scales...
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浴室体重秤【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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In 1981, five members of a climbing party died while scaling Mount Hood.
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1981 年，一支登山队的5名队员在攀登胡德峰时遇难。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The men scaled a wall and climbed down scaffolding on the other side.
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那些男人攀上一堵墙然后顺着另一侧的脚手架爬了下去。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The tower was surmounted by an enormous statue, utterly out of scale with the building.
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那座塔的顶部矗立着一尊巨型雕像，与整个建筑完全不成比例。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a miniature garden, with little pagodas and bridges all to scale.
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内有全部按比例建造的小塔和小桥的微缩花园【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale.【出自-2013年12月阅读原文】
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How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.【出自-2011年6月阅读原文】
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The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.【2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand ( ' , especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the world's coal.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage.【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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By capping her grades at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at 100, your teacher could jeopardize a student's chance of getting a scholarship or getting into a top college.【出自-2010年6月阅读原文】
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Snyder, a psychologist, who has devised a scale to assess how much hope a person has.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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"Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age," Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.【2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C】
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And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale.【2016年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section A】
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And those costs would vary depending on the size and scale of the businesses.【2016年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C】
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It's an approach not dictated by the confines of conventional large scale agriculture lead by international corporations.【2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B】
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A kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale.【2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项】
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At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.【2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文】
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In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves.【2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文】
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It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.【2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文】
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Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale.【2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文】
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Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.【出自-2010年考研阅读原文】
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All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.【出自-2010年考研阅读原文】
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This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.【出自-2015年考研阅读原文】
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If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharma has done.【出自-2018年考研阅读原文】
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As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing solely on the scale.【2019年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ】
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I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of lowering the number】
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