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stock
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音标：英 [stɒk] 美 [stɑk]
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解释：
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n. 股份，股票；库存；血统；树干
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adj. 存货的，常备的；平凡的
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vt. 进货；备有；装把手于…
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vi. 囤积；办货；出新芽
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n. (Stock)人名；(德、匈、捷)施托克；(英、法、葡、瑞典)斯托克
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中文词源：
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stock 树干，树桩，枪托，出身，家系来自古英语 stocc,树干，树桩，柱子，来自 Proto-Germanic*stukkaz,树干，可能来自 PIE*steg, 棍子，柱子，树桩，词源同 stake,stack,stick.引申词义枪托，比喻义出身，家系，词义演变比 较 family tree.
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stock 存货，储备，供应，家畜，牲畜，股票，证券，高汤，原汤词源不确定，可能来自 stock 的比喻义，由树干引申词义基础，来源，并引申相关词义。词 义证券，股票可能是受 stake 影响或直接来自该词拼写变体。
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英文词源：
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stock
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stock: [OE] The word stock originally denoted a ‘tree-trunk’. It came from a prehistoric Germanic *stukkaz, which also produced German stock ‘stick’ and Swedish stock ‘log’. The lineal semantic descent to the stocks [14], a punishment device made from large pieces of wood, is clear enough, but how stock came to be used for a ‘supply, store’ (a sense first recorded in the 15th century) is more of a mystery.
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It may be that a tradesman’s supply of goods was thought of metaphorically as the trunk of a tree, from which profits grew like branches; and another possibility is that the usage was inspired by an unrecorded application of stock to a wooden storage chest or money box. Stock ‘broth’ was so named (in the 18th century, apparently) because one keeps a ‘stock’ of it on hand in the stockpot, for use at need.
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The original notion of a stout piece of wood is preserved in the derivative stocky [14], and also in stock-still [15] – literally ‘as still as a log’.
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stock (n.1)
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Old English stocc "stump, post, stake, tree trunk, log," also "pillory" (usually plural, stocks), from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz "tree trunk" (cognates: Old Norse stokkr "block of wood, trunk of a tree," Old Saxon, Old Frisian stok, Middle Dutch stoc "tree trunk, stump," Dutch stok "stick, cane," Old High German stoc "tree trunk, stick," German Stock "stick, cane;" also Dutch stuk, German Stück "piece"), from PIE *(s)teu- (1) "to push, stick, knock, beat" (see steep (adj.)).
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Meaning "ancestry, family" (late 14c.) is a figurative use of the "tree trunk" sense (as in family tree). This is also the root of the meaning "heavy part of a tool," and "part of a rifle held against the shoulder" (1540s). Meaning "person as dull and senseless as a block or log" is from c. 1300; hence "a dull recipient of action or notice" (1540s).
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Meaning "framework on which a boat was constructed" (early 15c.) led to figurative phrase on stocks "planned and commenced" (1660s). Taking stock "making an inventory" is attested from 1736. Stock, lock, and barrel "the whole of a thing" is recorded from 1817. Stock-still (late 15c.) is literally "as still as a tree trunk."
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stock (n.2)
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"supply for future use" (early 15c.), "sum of money" (mid-15c.), Middle English developments of stock (n.1), but the ultimate sense connection is uncertain. Perhaps the notion is of the "trunk" from which gains are an outgrowth, or from stock (n.1) in obsolete sense of "money-box" (c. 1400). Meaning "subscribed capital of a corporation" is from 1610s.
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In stock "in the possession of a trader" is from 1610s. Meaning "broth made by boiling meat or vegetables" is from 1764. Theatrical use, in reference to a company regularly acting together at a given theater, is attested from 1761. Figurative phrase take stock in "regard as important" is from 1870. As the collective term for the movable property of a farm, it is recorded from 1510s; hence livestock.
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stock (v.)
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"to supply (a store) with stock," 1620s, from stock (n.2). Meaning "to lay up in store" is from c. 1700. Earliest sense is "to imprison in stocks" (early 14c.). Related: Stocked; stocking.
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stock (adj.)
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in reference to conversation, literature, "recurring, commonplace" (as in stock phrase), 1738, figurative use from sense "kept in store for constant use" (1620s), from stock (n.2).
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双语例句：
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1. She built up her fortune by cannily playing the stock market.
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她炒股有方，发了大财。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. Drain the beans thoroughly and save the stock for soup.
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将豆角彻底控干，并把滤出的豆汁留下做汤。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. Lemon and lime juice were both temporarily out of stock.
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柠檬汁和酸橙汁暂时都缺货。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. The stock market is convinced more cross-border deals will take place.
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股市相信跨境交易会越来越多。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. I had to stock the boat up with food.
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我得在船上备足干粮。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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We have a fast turnover of stock.
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我们的货物周转快。【牛津词典】
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That particular model is not currently in stock .
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那种型号目前没货。【牛津词典】
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I'm afraid we're temporarily out of stock .
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很遗憾，我们暂时脱销了。【牛津词典】
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We don't carry a large stock of pine furniture.
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松木家具我们备货不多。【牛津词典】
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She's built up a good stock of teaching materials over the years.
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这些年来她积累了大量教学资料。【牛津词典】
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Food stocks are running low.
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贮存的食物快吃完了。【牛津词典】
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a country's housing stock (= all the houses available for living in)
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一个国家的住房保有量【牛津词典】
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stock prices
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股票价格【牛津词典】
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stocks and shares
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股份与股票【牛津词典】
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...the buying and selling of stocks and shares...
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证券和股票买卖【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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As stock prices have dropped, so too has bank capital.
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随着股价下跌，银行资本也减少了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Two years later, when Compaq went public, their stock was valued at $38 million...
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康柏公司两年后上市时，他们的股本为 3,800 万美元。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The Fisher family holds 40% of the stock.
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费希尔家族持有 40%的股份。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The shop stocks everything from cigarettes to recycled loo paper.
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商店货品齐全，从香烟到再生厕纸应有尽有。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We took the decision to withdraw a quantity of stock from sale.
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我们决定将一批存货下架。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I worked stocking shelves in a grocery store...
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我在一家杂货店工作，负责为货架上货。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Some families stocked their cellars with food and water...
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有些家庭在地窖里储备了食品和水。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I keep a stock of cassette tapes describing various relaxation techniques...
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我收集了一些介绍各种放松技巧的卡带。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Stocks of ammunition were running low.
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弹药的库存正在减少。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the stock of accommodation available to be rented.
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可供租赁的住房储备量【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We are both from working class stock.
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我们俩都出身于工人家庭。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...blacks, Asians and people of Mediterranean stock.
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黑人、亚洲人和地中海沿岸高加索人的后裔【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I am carefully selecting the breeding stock...
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我正在精心挑选种畜。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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His herd of 170 dairy cattle and 200 young stock are kept on the land.
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他那170头奶牛和200头乳牛都在那块地上圈养。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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My boss had a stock response — 'If it ain't broke, don't fix it!'...
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我上司总是这一句——“别没事找事！”【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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National security is the stock excuse for keeping things confidential.
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国家安全常被用作对一些事情保密的挡箭牌。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Check that your size is in stock...
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查查你的尺码是否有货。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Lemon and lime juice were both temporarily out of stock.
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柠檬汁和酸橙汁暂时都缺货。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It was time to take stock of the situation...
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是时候统观一下形势了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I was forty, the age when people take stock and change their lives.
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我已年届不惑，到了该全面审视自己并改变生活的年龄了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.【出自-2011年12月阅读原文】
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Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares.【出自-2014年6月听力原文】
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She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street【出自-2014年6月听力原文】
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Once, at a drug store, I was looking around and found a guy standing on a large box, stocking the shelves.【出自-2010年12月听力原文】
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Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found.【2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C】
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Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附带的) costs.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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True, stock prices fell a third from September to December 1929, but fewer Americans then owned stocks.【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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It has affected house owners more than stock holders【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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They sell stocks and other assets.【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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True, stock prices fell a third from September to December 1929, but fewer Americans then owned stocks【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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Both stocks and homes, more widely held, dropped more.【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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In very literary styles, the newly resurfaced manuscripts offered a rich stock of African-American culture,recreating among other things the early days of slavery and the importance of religion to the slaves.【出自-2013年12月听力原文】
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A rich stock of manuscripts left by historical figures【出自-2013年12月听力原文】
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Mandelbrot, who did the experiment with stock exchanges prices, for example, noted that although the outcomes were variable, there were in fact certain constancy【出自-2013年6月听力原文】
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Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy's, Target; and Nordstrom's dropped.【2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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And Sainz Breeze is the first UK supermarket to stock the company's crunchy roasted crickets.【2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B】
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Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmo【2017年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.【2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文】
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The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests.【出自-2010年考研阅读原文】
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And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.【2020年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish.【2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism", such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.【2019年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.【2019年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.【2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests.【2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse.【2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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