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private
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音标：英 ['praɪvət] 美 ['praɪvət]
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解释：
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adj. 私人的；私有的；私下的
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n. 列兵；二等兵
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中文词源：
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private 个人的，私有的来自拉丁语privare,使个人化，使分开，使剥离，来自privus,个人的，自己的，来自PIE*per,向前，穿过，词源同ford,first.
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英文词源：
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private
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private: [14] Latin prīvus meant ‘single, individual’. From it was derived the verb prīvāre, source of English deprive [14] and privation [14]. This originally meant ‘make solitary, isolate’, and although it later moved on metaphorically to ‘bereave, deprive’, its earliest sense was preserved in the adjective formed from its past participle prīvātus.
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This denoted ‘belonging to the individual alone’, hence ‘not belonging or related to the state’. English has acquired the word twice: first, via Old French, as the now almost archaic privy [13], and later, directly from Latin, as private. Privilege [12] comes via Old French privilege from Latin prīvilēgium, a compound formed from prīvus and lēx ‘law’ (source of English legal) which etymologically meant ‘law affecting an individual’.
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=> deprive, privilege, privy
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private (adj.)
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late 14c., "pertaining or belonging to oneself, not shared, individual; not open to the public;" of a religious rule, "not shared by Christians generally, distinctive; from Latin privatus "set apart, belonging to oneself (not to the state), peculiar, personal," used in contrast to publicus, communis; past participle of privare "to separate, deprive," from privus "one's own, individual," from PIE *prei-wo-, from PIE *prai-, *prei-, from root *per- (1) "forward, through" (see per).
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Old English in this sense had syndrig. Private grew popular 17c. as an alternative to common (adj.), which had overtones of condescension. Of persons, "not holding public office," recorded from early 15c. In private "privily" is from 1580s. Related: Privately. Private school is from 1650s. Private parts "the pudenda" is from 1785. Private enterprise first recorded 1797; private property by 1680s; private sector is from 1948. Private eye "private detective" is recorded from 1938, American English.
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private (n.)
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1590s, "private citizen," short for private person "individual not involved in government" (early 15c.), or from Latin privatus "man in private life," noun use of the adjective; 1781 in the military sense, short for Private soldier "one below the rank of a non-commissioned officer" (1570s), from private (adj.).
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双语例句：
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1. Like their children, parents are often defensive about their private lives.
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就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重保护他们的私生活。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. 673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study.
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673家私人高尔夫俱乐部参与了最近的研究。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. At Miss Garbo's request there was a crema-tion after a private ceremony.
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应嘉宝小姐的要求，在私人悼念仪式结束后将进行火葬。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. Chinese waiters stood in a cluster, sharing a private joke.
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华人服务生们站在一起，讲着只有他们自己才懂的笑话。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. She smiles coyly when pressed about her private life.
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当人们追问她的私生活时，她羞涩地笑了笑。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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The sign said, ‘Private property. Keep out. ’
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标牌上写着：“私人领地，禁止进入。”【牛津词典】
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Those are my father's private papers.
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那些都是我父亲的私人文件。【牛津词典】
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The hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with private bathrooms.
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这家旅馆有110间客房，各有独立卫生间。【牛津词典】
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a private conversation
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私人交谈【牛津词典】
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They were sharing a private joke.
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他们讲着外人听不懂的笑话。【牛津词典】
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...a joint venture with private industry...
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与私营企业建立的合资企业【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain...
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保柏在英国开办私立医院。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the law's insistence that private citizens are not permitted to have weapons...
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法律坚持要求公民个人不得持有武器【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of his ancestors...
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国王以私人身份出访，以便能够祭拜先祖陵墓。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The landowners have had to sell their private aircraft...
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这些土地所有者不得不卖掉自己的私人飞机。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They want more State control over private property...
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他们希望加强国家对私有财产的控制。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study...
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673家私人高尔夫俱乐部参与了最近的研究。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The door is marked 'Private'...
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这扇门上标着“私人房间”。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Don't bug private conversations, and don't buy papers that reprint them.
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不要窃听私人谈话，不要购买重印这些谈话的报纸。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I've always kept my private and professional life separate...
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我总是将私生活和工作分开。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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My private affairs are no one's business but my own.
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我自己的事自己管，不用其他人操心。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We all felt as if we were intruding on his private grief.
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我们都觉得似乎触及到了他内心的伤痛。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the enactment of her private sexual fantasies...
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她内心产生了性幻想【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Chinese waiters stood in a cluster, sharing a private joke...
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华人服务生们站在一起，讲着只有他们自己才懂的笑话。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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As many as 40 per cent of twins have a private language that excludes the rest of the family.
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多达40％的双胞胎都有自己的语言，其他家庭成员都听不懂。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It was the only reasonably private place they could find.
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这是他们能找到的唯一一个还算僻静之处。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a very attractive country house set within a uniquely beautiful and private position...
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坐落在风景独特的僻静之处的非常别致的乡间别墅【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She has always been a rather private person...
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她一直是一个相当内向的人。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Gould was an intensely private individual.
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古德以前是个极为孤僻的人。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Martial arts: Private lessons: £8 per hour.
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武术：私人教授：每小时8英镑【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...Donald Tovey, who took her as his private pupil for the piano.
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唐纳德·托维，她的私人钢琴老师【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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One gunner in each battery was an NCO and the rest were privates.
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每个炮兵连都有一个炮手是军士，其余都是二等兵。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...Private Martin Ferguson.
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二等兵马丁·费格森【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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You should wash your feet and your privates every day.
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应该每天洗脚，并清洗阴部。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Some of what we're talking about might better be discussed in private.
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我们要谈论的一些事情最好是在私下里讨论。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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an accelerating speeda shift to city centersa new focus on small citiesan ever-increasing demandPeople can live without private cars.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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These are private bills, but there are also public bills to be paid.【出自-2016年12月听力原文】
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Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years.【出自-2014年6月阅读原文】
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But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain【出自-2013年12月阅读原文】
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The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private.【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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Didn't you see the private sign over there?【出自-2013年6月听力原文】
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They are owned by individuals and by private businesses and corporations, lending institutions, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government agencies at the local, state, and federal level【出自-2013年6月听力原文】
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It took the police only a minute to tell him what had happened: his car had been on a private lot.【出自-2012年6月听力原文】
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A private wildlife management company will release the animal into the wild.【2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A】
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And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.【2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US100,000, but they hope to see a return on that investment through the tourism industry.【2019年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A】
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Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster.【2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.【2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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The first private mission outside of Earth's orbit is closer than many of us think.【2018年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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The belief that research data is private intellectual propertyThe concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource ( ' , 外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Private companies play a big role in campus management.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Private collections were of greater variety.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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To legalize private space explorations.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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The 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage private space vehicles and services, prohibits the transportation secretary ( ' , and thereby the FAA) from regulating the de sign or operation of private spacecraft, unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew or passengers.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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It could also insist on checking private manned spacecraft as thoroughly as it does commercial aircraft.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate, Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller privat】
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