firm的翻译与解释是什么
发布于 2023-07-16 23:43:10
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详情：
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firm
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音标：英 [fɜːm] 美 [fɝm]
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解释：
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adj. 坚定的；牢固的；严格的；结实的
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vt. 使坚定；使牢固
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vi. 变坚实；变稳固
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adv. 稳固地
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n. 公司；商号
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中文词源：
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firm 坚固的，商行，公司来自PIE*dher, 支撑，握住，坚硬，词源同dharma,throne. 后用来指公司，商行。
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英文词源：
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firm
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firm: [14] Firm comes ultimately from Latin firmus ‘stable, strong, immovable’. In its adjectival use, the English word’s semantic line of descent from its Latin original is perfectly clear, but the noun presents a very different story. From firmus was derived the verb firmāre ‘make firm, fix’, which in post-classical times came to mean ‘confirm’.
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It passed into Italian as firmare, which was used in the sense ‘confirm by one’s signature’, hence simply ‘sign’. It formed the basis of a noun firma ‘signature’, and by extension the ‘name under which a business is carried on’, and finally the ‘business’ itself. English took the noun over with the latter two meanings in the 18th century. Other English words that trace their ancestry back to Latin firmus are firmament [13], from Latin firmāmentum (this originally meant simply ‘strengthening, support’, and acquired the sense ‘sky’ in post-classical times as a literal Biblical translation of Greek steréōma ‘heavenly vault’, a derivative of stereós ‘firm’, which in turn was a literal translation of Hebrew rāqī a ‘heavenly vault’, also derived from a word meaning ‘firm’); furl [16], originally a blend formed in Old French from ferm ‘firm’ and lier ‘tie’ (a relative of English liable); and farm, whose semantic history is quite similar to that of the noun firm.
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=> farm, firmament, furl
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firm (adj.)
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late 14c., ferm, "strong, steady" (of things), "permanent, enduring" (of agreements), "steadfast, steady" (of persons), "sound, well-founded" (of arguments), from Old French ferm "strong, vigorous; healthy, sound; steadfast, loyal, faithful" (12c.), from Latin firmus "strong, steadfast, enduring, stable," figuratively "constant, steadfast, trusty, faithful," from PIE root *dher- (2) "to hold, support" (cognates: Sanskrit dharmah "custom, law," Greek thronos "seat," Lithuanian dirzmas "strong," Welsh dir "hard," Breton dir "steel"). The spelling return to -i- in late 1500s was modeled on Latin. Related: Firmly; firmness.
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firm (n.)
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"business house," 1744, according to Barnhart from German Firma "a business, name of a business," originally "signature," from Italian firma "signature," from firmare "to sign," from Latin firmare "make firm, affirm," in Late Latin, "confirm (by signature)," from firmus "firm, stable" (see firm (adj.)).
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firm (v.)
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c. 1300, fermen "make firm, establish," from Old French fermer "consolidate; fasten, secure; build, set up; fortify" (12c.) or directly from Latin firmare "make firm; affirm; strengthen, fortify, sustain; establish, prove, declare," from firmus "strong, steadfast, stable" (see firm (adj.)). Intransitive use, "become firm" is from 1879; with up (adv.) from 1956. Related: Firmed; firming.
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双语例句：
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1. Choose a soft, medium or firm mattress to suit their individual needs.
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针对他们各人不同的需要挑选柔软、软硬适中或者坚硬的床垫。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. An oil executive swindled £50,000 out of his firm.
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一名石油公司主管从其公司骗取了5万英镑。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. "But Peter, it's not that simple," Goldstone countered in a firm voice.
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“但是，彼得，事情并非那么简单，”戈德斯通语气坚决地驳斥道。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. Why should a successful company allow another firm to pick its brains?
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为什么一个成功的企业就得允许别的公司来讨教呢？
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. The council is standing firm against the barrage of protest.
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委员会面对接二连三的抗议拒不让步。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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These peaches are still firm.
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这些桃子还很硬。【牛津词典】
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a firm bed/mattress
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结实的床 / 床垫【牛津词典】
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a firm of accountants
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会计事务所【牛津词典】
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an engineering firm
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工程公司【牛津词典】
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OPEC has agreed to freeze its global oil production slightly in order to firm up crude prices.
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石油输出国组织已同意对全球石油生产稍加冻结，以稳定原油价格。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The ground rules have been firmed up...
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基本原则已得到进一步强化。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Looking to the future, the Government will firm up their plans for a cleaner, greener, safer Britain...
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展望未来，政府将更加明确其计划，建设一个更清洁、更环保、更安全的英国。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I now go swimming five times a week, which helps firm me up...
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我现在每周游5次泳，这对强身健体很有益处。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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This treatment helps tone the body, firm up muscles and tighten the skin...
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该治疗有助于强身健体、紧致皮肤。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The President has appealed to his European partners to stand firm on the issue.
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总统已经呼吁其欧洲伙伴在此问题上站稳立场。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The company, a household name in the States, has a firm foothold in the British market.
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这家美国国内家喻户晓的公司在英国市场上站稳了脚跟。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The couple met about two years ago and soon became firm friends.
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这对夫妇大约两年前相遇，很快就成了知交。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Cotton prices remain firm and demand is strong...
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棉花价格始终保持坚挺，需求旺盛。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The shares held firm at 280p...
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股价稳稳地维持在280便士。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Firm more soil over the roots and water thoroughly.
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在根上再多培些土，用水浇透。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The council is standing firm against the barrage of protest...
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委员会面对接二连三的抗议拒不让步。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Although the Yakutians are a minority, they have firm control of the territory...
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尽管雅库特人是少数民族，但他们却牢牢地掌控着这块版图。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It is my firm belief that an effective partnership approach between police and the public is absolutely necessary.
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我坚信警民之间进行有效合作是绝对必要的。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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This man may have killed others but unfortunately we have no firm evidence...
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这名男子可能还杀害过其他人，只可惜我们没有确凿的证据。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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There's unlikely to be firm news about the convoy's progress for some time.
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一段时间内都不大可能会有关于车队行进情况的确切消息。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He made a firm decision to leave Fort Multry by boat...
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他打定主意乘船离开穆尔特里堡。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The firm's employees were expecting large bonuses.
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这家公司的雇员期待着发放大笔奖金。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a firm of heating engineers.
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供暖工程公司【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Fruit should be firm and in excellent condition...
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水果应该硬实完好。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Choose a soft, medium or firm mattress to suit their individual needs.
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针对他们各人不同的需要挑选柔软、软硬适中或者坚硬的床垫。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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If you have to climb up, use a firm platform or a sturdy ladder.
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如果非要爬上去，就踩在一个稳固的台子上或者找把结实的梯子。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The quick handshake was firm and cool...
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短暂的握手有力沉稳。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He managed to grasp the metal, get a firm grip of it and heave his body upwards.
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他设法牢牢抓住了那个金属物，把整个身子往上提。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She had to be firm with him. 'I don't want to see you again.'...
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她不得不对他狠下心来：“我不想再见到你。”【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Perhaps they need the guiding hand of a firm father figure.
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也许他们需要一个父亲般严格的指引者。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Leah's interest in yoga prompted her to make a firm decision to reshape her life.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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After graduating with a degree in business and accounting, she joined a public accounting firm, married, bought a house, put lots of stuff in it, and had a baby.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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In that moment of clarity Leah made an important leap, conquering her inner resistance to change and making a firm commitment to take bigger steps.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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She is a firm supporter of pre-K.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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It met with firm opposition from the food industry.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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According to the firm’s vice-president of Marketing and Sales, We benefited from low expectations.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
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As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how sa【2016年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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In that moment of clarity Leah made an important leap, conquering her inner resistance to change and making a firm commitment to take bigger steps.【2017年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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I've got a second interview with that big foreign accountancy firm in the city center.【2017年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section B】
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While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free s【2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their enthusiasm and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will reward them for high performance.【出自-2013年12月阅读原文】
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Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly-paid human lawyers.【出自-2012年12月阅读原文】
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What benefit does the woman say their firm can get by sponsoring the Theater Company?【出自-2013年6月听力原文】
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No, I think they are just asking all the firms in tongue for as much money as they think they'll give.【出自-2013年6月听力原文】
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Case studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.【出自-2010年6月听力原文】
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In an interview last year with The Economist, George Whitesides, chief executive of space-tourism firm virgin Galactic, was placing his company in the latter category.【2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C】
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In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby.【2018年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smart watches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets.【2016年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners for example, two companies from two different industries to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.【2019年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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They did use an invitation-only photo sharing plat】
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