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poison
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音标：英 ['pɒɪz(ə)n] 美 ['pɔɪzn]
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解释：
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vt. 污染；使中毒，放毒于；败坏；阻碍
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vi. 放毒，下毒
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n. 毒药，毒物；酒；有毒害的事物；[助剂] 抑制剂
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adj. 有毒的
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n. (Poison)人名；(西)波伊松
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中文词源：
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poison 毒物，毒药来自古法语poison,饮料，尤指药饮，来自拉丁语potare,饮水，饮用，词源同potion,symposium.后词义过渡为毒物，毒药。
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英文词源：
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poison
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poison: [13] Etymologically, poison is simply something you ‘drink’. The word comes via Old French poison from Latin pōtiō ‘drink’ (source also of English potion), a derivative of the verb pōtāre ‘drink’ (from which English gets potable). The specialization in meaning from ‘drink’ to ‘poisonous drink’ took place in classical Latin, but the further progression to ‘any poisonous substance’ is a later development. Another probable relative is pot.
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=> potable, potion, symposium
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poison (n.)
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c. 1200, "a deadly potion or substance," also figuratively, from Old French poison, puison (12c., Modern French poison) "a drink," especially a medical drink, later "a (magic) potion, poisonous drink" (14c.), from Latin potionem (nominative potio) "a drinking, a drink," also "poisonous drink" (Cicero), from potare "to drink" (see potion).
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For form evolution from Latin to French, compare raison from rationem. The Latin word also is the source of Old Spanish pozon, Italian pozione, Spanish pocion. The more usual Indo-European word for this is represented in English by virus. The Old English word was ator (see attercop) or lybb. Slang sense of "alcoholic drink" first attested 1805, American English.
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For sense evolution, compare Old French enerber, enherber "to kill with poisonous plants." In many Germanic languages "poison" is named by a word equivalent to English gift (such as Old High German gift, German Gift, Danish and Swedish gift; Dutch gift, vergift). This shift might have been partly euphemistic, partly by influence of Greek dosis "a portion prescribed," literally "a giving," used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine (see dose (n.)).
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Figuratively from late 15c.; of persons by 1910. As an adjective from 1520s; with plant names from 18c. Poison ivy first recorded 1784; poison oak is from 1743. Poison gas first recorded 1915. Poison-pen (letter) popularized 1913 by a notorious criminal case in Pennsylvania, U.S.; the phrase dates to 1898.
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poison (v.)
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"to give poison to; kill with poison," c. 1300, from Old French poisonner "to give to drink," and directly from poison (n.). Figuratively from late 14c. Related: Poisoned; poisoning.
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双语例句：
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1. Markov died after being struck by a poison dart.
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马尔科夫身中毒镖而亡。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. Poison from the weaver fish causes paralysis, swelling, and nausea.
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龙的毒素会引起瘫痪、肿胀和恶心。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. If I was your wife I would poison your coffee.
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如果我是你老婆，我会在你的咖啡里下毒。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. Suspicion and jealousy, however ill-founded, can poison a marriage.
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怀疑和忌妒，不管多么站不住脚，都可能毒害婚姻。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. "Poison" took first prize at the 1991 Sundance Film Festival.
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《毒药》在1991年的圣丹斯电影节上获得一等奖。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.
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有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。【牛津词典】
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How did he die? Was it poison?
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他是怎么死的？是中毒吗？【牛津词典】
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The dog was killed by rat poison (= poison intended to kill rats ) .
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狗被耗子药毒死了。【牛津词典】
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to hunt with poison arrows
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用毒箭狩猎【牛津词典】
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bombs containing poison gas
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毒气弹【牛津词典】
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the poison of racial hatred
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种族仇恨这种害人的思想【牛津词典】
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a poisoned arrow
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毒箭【牛津词典】
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Someone had been poisoning his food.
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有人一直在他的食物里下毒。【牛津词典】
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Large sections of the river have been poisoned by toxic waste from factories.
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工厂的有毒废弃物污染了大段大段的河流。【牛津词典】
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His comment served only to poison the atmosphere still further.
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他的评论只有使气氛更加恶化。【牛津词典】
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She succeeded in poisoning their minds against me.
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是她令他们仇视我的。【牛津词典】
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Poison from the weaver fish causes paralysis, swelling, and nausea...
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龙的毒素会引起瘫痪、肿胀和恶心。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Mercury is a known poison.
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水银是一种已知的有毒物质。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The rumours that she had poisoned him could never be proved.
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她曾下毒害他的谣言永远都无法得到证实。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Employees were taken to hospital yesterday after being poisoned by fumes...
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因吸入有害气体而中毒的员工昨天被送进了医院。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Toxic waste could endanger lives and poison fish.
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有毒废物可能危及生命，毒死鱼类。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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If I was your wife I would poison your coffee.
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如果我是你老婆，我会在你的咖啡里下毒。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the textile and fibre industries that taint the air, poison the water and use vast amounts of natural resources...
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污染空气、破坏水源并消耗大量自然资源的纺织纤维工业【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The land has been completely poisoned by chemicals.
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土地已被化学品彻底污染。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The whole atmosphere has really been poisoned.
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整个气氛已全然遭到破坏。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...ill-feeling that will poison further talk of a common foreign policy.
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将会危害有关共同外交政策的进一步商讨的敌意【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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What do you like to do in your spare time?
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空闲时你喜欢干什么?【辞典例句】
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"What people eat can be medicine or poison,"Rea says.【2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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