lead的翻译与解释是什么
发布于 2023-08-23 08:35:55
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详情：
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lead
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音标：英 [liːd] 美 [lid]
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解释：
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n. 领导；铅；导线；榜样
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vt. 领导；致使；引导；指挥
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vi. 领导；导致；用水砣测深
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adj. 带头的；最重要的
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n. (Lead)人名；(英)利德
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助记提示：
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音译“领导”。
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“领”的本意为“颈部”，按理说并不是人体最高的，但却是头之外最高的，并且头的转动也依赖脖子，所以两者往往联系在一起——“头领”、“首领”，表示地位高、可以发号施令的人。
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“导”的本意是“引路”，最早这个“导”的事是下人做的，比如“导引”、“向导”，不会有人用这个字用来形容有身份有影响力的大人物。
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所以这两个字放在一起是有违和感的。
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直到近代民主革命消灭了皇权，作为国家象征和最高权力的代表的人不再是高高在上的统治者，而成了为全民指明前进方向、带领全民前进的人时候，这两个字再通过英文 lead 和 leader 联系在一起，但究竟是受外文影响联系在一起的，还是自发联系在一起的，至今仍有争议。
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中文词源：
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lead 带领，领导来自PIE*leit,向前走，词源同lodestar,lodestone.引申词义引导，领导。
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lead 铅来自Proto-Germanic*lauda,铅，可能进一步来自PIE*ploud,流动，流体，词源同plumb,plumber.因铅是一种易溶易锻造的金属元素而得名，据历史记载，人们利用和使用铅的历史可追溯自公元6000多年前，该遗址位于今土耳其境内。
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英文词源：
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lead
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lead: [OE] English has two words lead, spelled the same but of course pronounced differently and with a very different history. The verb goes back to a prehistoric West and North Germanic *laithjan. This was derived from *laithō ‘way, journey’ (from which English gets load); so etymologically lead means ‘cause to go along one’s way’. Its Germanic relatives include German leiten, Dutch leiden, Swedish leda, and Danish lede. Lead the metal is probably of Celtic origin.
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The prehistoric Celtic word for ‘lead’ was *loudiā, which may have come ultimately from an Indo-European source meaning ‘flow’ (a reference to the metal’s low melting point). Its modern descendants include Irish luaidhe and Gaelic luaidh. It could well have been borrowed into prehistoric West Germanic as *lauda, which would have produced modern German lot ‘solder’, Dutch lood ‘lead’, and English lead.
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=> load
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lead (v.1)
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"to guide," Old English lædan "cause to go with one, lead, guide, conduct, carry; sprout forth; bring forth, pass (one's life)," causative of liðan "to travel," from Proto-Germanic *laidjan (cognates: Old Saxon lithan, Old Norse liða "to go," Old High German ga-lidan "to travel," Gothic ga-leiþan "to go"), from PIE *leit- "to go forth."
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Meaning "to be in first place" is from late 14c. Sense in card playing is from 1670s. Related: Led; leading. Lead-off "commencement, beginning" attested from 1879; lead-in "introduction, opening" is from 1928.
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lead (n.1)
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heavy metal, Old English lead, from West Germanic *loudhom (cognates: Old Frisian lad, Middle Dutch loot, Dutch lood "lead," German Lot "weight, plummet"). The name and the skill in using the metal seem to have been borrowed from the Celts (compare Old Irish luaide), probably from PIE root *plou(d)- "to flow."
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Figurative of heaviness since at least early 14c. Black lead was an old name for "graphite," hence lead pencil (1680s) and the colloquial figurative phrase to have lead in one's pencil "be possessed of (especially male sexual) vigor," attested by 1902. Lead balloon "a failure," American English slang, attested by 1957 (as a type of something heavy that can be kept up only with effort, from 1904). Lead-footed "slow" is from 1896; opposite sense of "fast" emerged 1940s in trucker's jargon, from notion of a foot heavy on the gas pedal.
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lead (n.2)
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c. 1300, "action of leading," from lead (v.1). Meaning "the front or leading place" is from 1560s. Johnson stigmatized it as "a low, despicable word." Sense in card-playing is from 1742; in theater, from 1831; in journalism, from 1912; in jazz bands, from 1934.
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lead (v.2)
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early 15c., "to make of lead," from lead (n.1). Meaning "to cover with lead" is from mid-15c. Related: Leaded (early 13c.); leading.
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双语例句：
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1. Politicians say it could lead to a dissolution of parliament.
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政客们说这可能会导致议会解散。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed.
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这个团体继续示威游行，他们知道这将导致流血事件的发生。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.
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这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
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缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. The Turkish situation makes the lead in tomorrow's Guardian.
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土耳其局势将成为明天《卫报》的头条。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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John Major and the Duke of Edinburgh led the mourners...
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约翰·梅杰和爱丁堡公爵走在送葬队伍前面。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He walks with a stick but still leads his soldiers into battle...
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他虽然拄着拐杖，但依然带领士兵们投入战斗。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the house...
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他牵着迪康的手把他领进屋。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She confessed to the killing and led police to his remains...
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她交代人是她杀的，并带警察去他的尸首处。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the doors that led to the yard.
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通往院子的大门【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a short roadway leading to the car park...
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通往停车场的一小段路【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He's leading in the presidential race...
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他在总统竞选中领先。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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So far Fischer leads by five wins to two...
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目前费希尔以5胜2负领先。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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England took the lead after 31 minutes with a goal by Peter Nail...
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英格兰队第31分钟由彼得·奈尔攻进一球，取得领先。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Labour are still in the lead in the opinion polls.
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工党在民意测验中仍然领先。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a commanding lead for the opposition is clearly emerging throughout the country...
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显然反对党已开始在全国占据一边倒的领先地位。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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His goal gave Forest a two-goal lead against Southampton...
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他的进球使森林队以两球领先南安普敦队。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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When it comes to pop music we not only lead Europe, we lead the world.
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我们不仅引领欧洲而且引领着全球的流行音乐潮流。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...foodstores such as Marks & Spencer, which led the market in microwaveable meals.
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玛莎百货等在微波炉食品市场占主导地位的食品卖场【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He led the country between 1949 and 1984...
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1949到1984年间他是该国领导人。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Mr Mendes was leading a campaign to save Brazil's rainforest from exploitation.
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门德斯先生正领导一场运动，以拯救遭到乱砍滥伐的巴西热带雨林。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...the need for the president to give a moral lead...
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需要总统树立一个道德榜样【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The American and Japanese navies took the lead in the development of naval aviation...
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美国和日本海军是发展海军航空部队的佼佼者。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She led a normal, happy life with her sister and brother...
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她和弟弟妹妹一起过着平凡而幸福的生活。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Most of the women in here are not people who have led a life of crime.
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这里的女子大多没有犯罪前科。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Ethnic tensions among the republics could lead to civil war...
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共和国之间紧张的种族关系可能会引发内战。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would lead to job cuts.
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他昨天警告说，给教师们加薪会导致职位的裁减。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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His abhorrence of racism led him to write The Algiers Motel Incident...
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对种族主义的憎恨促使他写了《阿尔及尔汽车旅馆事件》一书。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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What was it ultimately that led you to leave Sarajevo for Zagreb?
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最终是什么让你离开萨拉热窝前往萨格勒布的？【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Mother had led me to believe the new baby was a kind of present for me...
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母亲让我相信新出生的宝宝是给我的一个礼物。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It was not as straightforward as we were led to believe.
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这事并非如我们所误以为的那样简单。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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After a while I led the conversation around to her job...
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过了一阵子，我把话题引到她的工作上。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He planned to lead the conversation and keep Matt from changing the subject.
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他计划控制谈话局面，不让马特转换话题。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Well, I think that leads me to the real point.
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这个嘛，我看这让我说到正题了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The inquiry team is also following up possible leads after receiving 400 calls from the public.
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在接到民众400个热线电话后，调查组亦在对可能的线索进行追踪。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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It has led to a lot of debate.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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However, it was another interest that led Leah to radically reinvent herself.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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The team was led by Dr.【出自-2017年6月听力原文】
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We thought we would see differences based on the housing types, said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestorsYet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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It often leads to innovations in other related fields.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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But what effect does your personality have on your longevity ( ' , 长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator weren’t immediately available.【出自-2016年12月听力原文】
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The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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It leads the world in information technology.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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His mother, convinced that she had to do something dramatic to prevent him from leading a life of failure, lay down some rules.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
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He is now a leading surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
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But later on, it led to the invention of the lightning rod.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
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"We thought we would see differences based on the housing types," said the lead author of the study, Julie RoBison, an associate professor of medicine at the university.【2016年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.【2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Se】
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