1、
down
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音标：英 [daʊn] 美 [daʊn]
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解释：
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adv. 向下，下去；在下面
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adj. 向下的
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n. 软毛，绒毛；[地质] 开阔的高地
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prep. 沿着，往下
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vt. 打倒，击败
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vi. 下降；下去
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n. (Down)人名；(英)唐
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中文词源：
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down 向下来自古英语dun, 山地，山丘，堡垒，词源同downs, town. 进一步来自PIE*dheue, 关闭，围，圈住，居住地，词源同dune, town. 词义由山上过渡到下山，在16世纪开始做为副词使用，这种词义演变在所有日耳曼语系同源词中仅发生在英语。
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down 绒羽来自PIE*dheu, 尘土，漂浮，词源同dust. 用来指绒羽或绒毛。
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英文词源：
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down
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down: Effectively, English now has three distinct words down, but two of them are intimately related: for down ‘to or at a lower place’ [11] originally meant ‘from the hill’ – and the Old English word for hill in this instance was dūn. This may have been borrowed from an unrecorded Celtic word which some have viewed as the ultimate source also of dune [18] (borrowed by English from Middle Dutch dūne) and even of town.
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Its usage is now largely restricted to the plural form, used as a geographical term for various ranges of hills (the application to the North and South Downs in southern England dates from at least the 15th century). The Old English phrase of dūne ‘from the hill’ had by the 10th century become merged into a single word, adūne, and broadened out semantically to ‘to a lower place, down’, and in the 11th century it started to lose its first syllable – hence down.
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Its use as a preposition dates from the 16th century. (The history of down is closely paralleled in that of French à val, literally ‘to the valley’, which also came to be used for ‘down’; it is the source of French avaler ‘descend, swallow’, which played a part in the development of avalanche.) Down ‘feathers’ [14] was borrowed from Old Norse dúnn.
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=> dune
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down (adv.)
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late Old English shortened form of Old English ofdune "downwards," from dune "from the hill," dative of dun "hill" (see down (n.2)). A sense development peculiar to English.
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Used as a preposition since c. 1500. Sense of "depressed mentally" is attested from c. 1600. Slang sense of "aware, wide awake" is attested from 1812. Computer crash sense is from 1965. As a preposition from late 14c.; as an adjective from 1560s. Down-and-out is from 1889, American English, from situation of a beaten prizefighter. Down home (adj.) is 1931, American English; down the hatch as a toast is from 1931; down to the wire is 1901, from horse-racing. Down time is from 1952. Down under "Australia and New Zealand" attested from 1886; Down East "Maine" is from 1825; Down South "in the Southern states of the U.S." is attested by 1834.
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down (n.1)
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"soft feathers," late 14c., from Old Norse dunn, perhaps ultimately from PIE root *dheu- (1) "to fly about (like dust), to rise in a cloud."
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down (n.2)
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Old English dun "down, moor; height, hill, mountain," from Proto-Germanic *dunaz- (cognates: Middle Dutch dunen "sandy hill," Dutch duin), "probably a pre-insular loan-word from Celtic" [Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names], in other words, borrowed at a very early period, before the Anglo-Saxon migration, from PIE root *dheue- "to close, finish, come full circle." Meaning "elevated rolling grassland" is from c. 1300.
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The non-English Germanic words tend to mean "dune, sand bank" (see dune), while the Celtic cognates tend to mean "hill, citadel" (compare Old Irish dun "hill, hill fort;" Welsh din "fortress, hill fort;" and second element in place names London, Verdun, etc.). German Düne, French dune, Italian, Spanish duna are said to be loan-words from Dutch.
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down (v.)
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1560s, from down (adv.). Meaning "swallow hastily" is by 1860; football sense of "bring down (an opposing player) by tackling" is attested by 1887. Related: Downed; downing.
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双语例句：
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1. She dusted herself down and left to build her own career.
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她重振旗鼓去开创自己的事业了。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down.
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当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. One of the office girls was down with the flu.
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一位女职员得了流感。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. Rather taken aback by such forwardness, I slammed down the phone.
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如此无礼的言语让我火冒三丈，我砰的一下把电话挂了。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. These will be very constrained budgets designed to get the deficit down.
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这些预算旨在减少赤字，将会大大受限。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
47、
Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down...
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当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I have been down since the injury happened...
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自从受了伤以来我一直很沮丧。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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That's down to pure hard work.
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那些全是凭辛苦的劳动得来的。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Mark had told me that he was down for an interview.
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马克已告诉我他要参加一场面试。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...derelict houses that were down for demolition.
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将要拆除的废弃房屋【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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One of the office girls was down with the flu.
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一位女职员得了流感。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a little girl down with that nasty bout of measles.
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在麻疹肆虐时染病的小女孩【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He paid 20 percent down.
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他付了 20% 的钱款。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Demonstrators chanted 'down with the rebels'.
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示威者高呼“打倒叛徒”。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Any mistakes are entirely down to us...
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任何过错全是我们造成的。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I was a soldier down to my shoelaces.
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我是名不折不扣的军人。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...from the chairman right down to the tea ladies.
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上至主席下至上茶女侍【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The poor man's down to his last £3.
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那个可怜的人身上只剩 3 英镑了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Thirteen months down, twenty-four years to go.
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过去了 13 个月，还有 24 年。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Inflation will be down to three percent...
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通货膨胀率将降到 3%。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We're going down a mountain...
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我们正在下山。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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A man came down the stairs to meet them...
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一名男子下楼来迎接他们。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He managed to cling on to a ledge 40ft down the rock face...
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他设法紧紧地攀在了距岩壁顶端 40 英尺的岩礁上。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The union leader was last night staging a protest vigil 400 yards down a mineshaft.
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昨晚工会领袖在 400 码深的矿井下举行了彻夜的抗议活动。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She was still looking down at her papers...
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她仍低头看着文件。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She put her head down, her hands over her face...
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她低下头，双手掩面。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Danny put down his glass...
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丹尼放下了玻璃杯。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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After two rings I put down the phone...
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响了两声后，我放下了电话。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They set off at a jog up one street and down another...
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他们开始沿着一条又一条的街道慢跑。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Karl looked down the street...
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卡尔朝街尾看了看。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I went down to L.A. all the way from Seattle...
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我从西雅图一路南下到洛杉矶。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I have seen him walking down to the shops a mile or so away...
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我看见他朝大约一英里以外的商店走去了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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People are down the pub, getting drunk...
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人们在酒吧，喝得烂醉。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We got in the car and went down the supermarket and started buying food.
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我们上车前往超市，然后开始购买食物。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Interest rates came down today...
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今天利率下调了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Leah reflects on one incident that triggered her fears, when her investors threatened to shut her down: I was probably up against the most fear I've ever had, she says.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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It will experience ups and downs.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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It helps slow down our aging process.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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I was thinking, ‘OK, guys, if you want to try to shut me down, shut me down.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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The scientists suggest this may be an attempt to calm humans down.【出自-2017年6月听力原文】
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The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode.【出自-2017年6月听力原文】
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may be better at solving puzzlescan memorize things with more easemay have greater facility in abstract reasoningcan put what they have learnt into more effective usefind ways to slow down our mental declinefind ways to boost our memoriesunderstand the complex process of mental functioningunderstand the relation between physical and mental healthThe most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
117、
Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar ( ' , 入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems—class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being—might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( ' , 官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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So we're eating out or taking in, and we don't sit down—or we do, but we hurry.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, Dad.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching ( ' , 蹲伏 ) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Once across, the ropes were tied down and wooden bridges were hung from them.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
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His mother, convinced that she had to do something dramatic to prevent him from leading a life of failure, lay down some rules.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
134、
Dr.Carson was headed down a path of self-destruction until a critical moment in his youth.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
135、
A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough.【2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A】
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And McDonald's wasn't alone in slowing down: Other chains also saw their drive-through performance slow down.【2018年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A】
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But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines.【2018年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.【2015年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.【2018年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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Gazing down on the city fro】
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