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refrain
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音标：英 [rɪ'freɪn] 美 [rɪ'fren]
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解释：
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vi. 节制，克制；避免；制止
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n. 叠句，副歌；重复
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中文词源：
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refrain 克制，节制来自拉丁语 refrenare,勒住马嚼子，勒住，控制，来自 re-,向后，往回，frenare,控制，用绳子 勒住，来自 frenum,缰绳，马勒，来自 PIE*dher,握住，固定，词源同 firm,during.引申词义克 制，节制。
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英文词源：
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refrain
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refrain: Refrain ‘chorus of a song’ [14] and refrain ‘desist’ [14] are different words. The former comes via Old French refrain from Provençal refranh. This was a derivative of the verb refranhar, which went back via Vulgar Latin *refrangere to Latin refringere ‘break off’ (source of English refract [17]). The etymological notion underlying the word is that the chorus of a song ‘breaks off’ and then resumes. Refrain ‘desist’ is descended from Latin refrēnāre ‘hold back’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back’ and frēnum ‘bridle’. It reached English via Old French refrener.
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=> fraction, refract
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refrain (v.)
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mid-14c., from Old French refraigner "restrain, repress, keep in check" (12c., Modern French Réfréner), from Latin refrenare "to bridle, hold in with a bit, check, curb, keep down, control," from re- "back" (see re-) + frenare "restrain, furnish with a bridle," from frenum "a bridle." Related: Refrained; refraining.
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refrain (n.)
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late 14c., from Old French refrain "chorus" (13c.), alteration of refrait, noun use of past participle of refraindre "repeat," also "break off," from Vulgar Latin *refrangere "break off," alteration of Latin refringere "break up, break open" (see refraction) by influence of frangere "to break." Influenced in French by cognate Provençal refranhar "singing of birds, refrain." The notion is of something that causes a song to "break off" then resume. OED says not common before 19c.
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双语例句：
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1. Rosa's constant refrain is that she doesn't have a life.
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罗莎总是重复的一句话就是她没有像样的生活。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. Please refrain from smoking.
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请勿吸烟。
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来自《权威词典》
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3. I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears.
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我狠着心把泪止住.
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来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
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4. How shall I refrain from tears when we part?
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我们分手时,我怎么能抑制住眼泪?
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来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
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5. Please refrain from smoking during the performance.
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演出时请勿吸烟.
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来自《简明英汉词典》
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更多相关例句：
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Please refrain from smoking.
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请勿吸烟。【牛津词典】
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He has refrained from criticizing the government in public.
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他克制住了自己，没有在公开场合批评政府。【牛津词典】
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Complaints about poor food in schools have become a familiar refrain.
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抱怨学校饭菜差已是耳熟能详的老调了。【牛津词典】
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Mrs Hardie refrained from making any comment...
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哈迪夫人忍住不作任何评论。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He appealed to all factions to refrain from violence.
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他呼吁所有派系避免使用暴力。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a refrain from an old song.
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一首老歌的副歌部分【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Rosa's constant refrain is that she doesn't have a life.
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罗莎总是重复的一句话就是她没有像样的生活。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Please refrain from feeding the monkeys.
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[告示]请勿给猴子喂物.【辞典例句】
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Beings who seek samadhi should refrain from eating five pungent plants of this world.
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是诸众生求三摩提,当断世间五种辛菜.【期刊摘选】
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All users should refrain from damaging the driving range, its fixture and equipment.
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严禁破坏高尔夫球发球练习场及其设备器材.【期刊摘选】
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You should refrain your tongue from backbiting.
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你不要背后诽谤人.【辞典例句】
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Can we refrain from exercising the people's democratic dictatorship?
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人民民主专政能不用 吗 ?【期刊摘选】
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Nevertheless, it is impossible for me to refrain from congratulating you.
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可是我不能不庆贺您.【期刊摘选】
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He could hardly refrain himself.
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他几乎不能自制.【辞典例句】
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Please refrain from smoking during the performance.
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演出时请勿吸烟.【《简明英汉词典》】
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He couldn't refrain from smiling.
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鸿渐忍不住笑了.【期刊摘选】
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Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain, incremental repetition, and code language.
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多采用叠词 、 叠句和特定的语言.【期刊摘选】
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I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears.
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我狠着心把泪止住.【《现代汉英综合大词典》】
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You should refrain from bad habits like this.
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这样的坏习惯应予戒除.【期刊摘选】
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Refrain from doing some things in order to Be aBle to do other things.
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有所不为而后可以有所为.【期刊摘选】
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How shall I refrain from tears when we part?
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我们分手时,我怎么能抑制住眼泪?【《现代汉英综合大词典》】
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Refrain from talking too much , for a tongue that wags too much will slip.
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处世戒多言,言多必失.【期刊摘选】
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Our sailors whistle for a wind during a calm, and refrain from whistling during a gale.
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风平浪静时,我们的海员就吹口哨招风, 而刮风时就忌吹口哨.【期刊摘选】
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It's wrong to bear with him and refrain from principled argument.
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对他容忍而不作原则上的争论是不对的.【期刊摘选】
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Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.
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不惜一切代价成功,但不要表现得野心勃勃.【期刊摘选】
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Hurstwood could scarcely refrain from showing that he knew of this chap's presence.
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赫斯渥差一点忍不住要露出他知道这家伙的存在的表情来.【期刊摘选】
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The child is old enough to refrain from bitting the thermometer.
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这个小孩年龄较大,能控制自己不咬坏体温表.【辞典例句】
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Can you refrain from laughter, my friends?
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各位不要大笑, 好 吗 ?【《现代汉英综合大词典》】
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Without a comprehensive plan, we should refrain from rushing headlong into actions.
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没有周详的计划, 我们应该避免仓促行动.【期刊摘选】
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Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school's professors to refrain from take-home exams.【2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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They refrain from using politically sensitive terms.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Rather, it's better to let the learners wrestle (较劲）with the material on their own for a while, refraining from giving them any assistance at the start.【出自-2013年12月阅读原文】
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Shoppers refrained from buying cars, appliances, and other big-ticket items.【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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People refrained from buying durables and big-ticket items【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.【出自-2015年考研阅读原文】
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California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.【2015年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump.【2017年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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