ostracism的翻译与解释是什么
发布于 2023-09-18 10:02:04
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详情：
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ostracism
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音标：英 ['ɒstrəsɪz(ə)m] 美 ['ɑstrəsɪzəm]
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解释：
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n. 排斥；放逐；贝壳流放法
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中文词源：
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ostracism 排斥，排挤来自拉丁语ostracismus,排斥，驱逐，来自希腊语ostrakon,骨片，瓦片，贝壳，来自PIE*ost,骨头，词源同oyster,osseous.来自古希腊某时期雅典城邦每年举行一次的民意调查，民众将他们认为的应该被驱逐的人的名字写在瓦片或贝壳片上，得票最多的人将被驱逐出雅典城而外流浪10年。某种程度上体现了一种民主的暴力。
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英文词源：
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ostracism
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ostracism: [16] In ancient Greece, when it was proposed that a particular person should be sent into exile for a period, because he was becoming a danger to the state, a democratic vote was taken on the matter. The method of registering one’s vote was to inscribe the name of the prospective banishee on a piece of broken pottery. The pieces were counted, and if enough votes were cast against him away he would go for ten years.
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The fragment of pottery was called an óstrakon, a word related to Greek ostéon ‘bone’ (source of the English prefix osteo-) and óstreon ‘oyster’ (source of English oyster). To cast such a vote was therefore ostrakízein (whence English ostracize [17]), and the abstract now derived from this was ostrakismós, source of English ostracism.
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ostracism (n.)
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1580s, a method of 10-year banishment in ancient Athens, by which the citizens gathered and each wrote on a potsherd or tile the name of a man they deemed dangerous to the liberties of the people, and a man whose name turned up often enough was sent away. From Middle French ostracisme (16c.), Modern Latin ostracismus, or directly from Greek ostrakismos, from ostrakizein "to ostracize," from ostrakon "tile, potsherd," from PIE *ost-r-, from root *ost- "bone" (see osseous). The Greek word is related to osteon "bone," ostreion "oyster" (and cognate with German Estrich "pavement," which is from Medieval Latin astracus "pavement," ultimately from Greek ostrakon).
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A similar practice in ancient Syracuse (with banishment for five years) was by writing names on olive leaves, and thus was called petalismos.
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双语例句：
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1. Until I emigrated to America, my family and I endured progressive ostracism and discrimination.
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我的家庭和我自己忍受着变本加厉的排斥和歧视直到我移居美国.
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来自辞典例句
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2. Questioning the status quo carries the danger of ostracism, possibly persecution.
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质疑现状带来被排斥的危险, 还很可能受到迫害.
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来自互联网
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3. Some African healers blame illness on witchcraft, which can lead to ostracism of those accused.
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一些非洲医士将疾病归咎于巫术, 这可能会导致病人受到其他人的排斥.
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来自互联网
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4. For the first time in her life the import and horror of ostracism flashed upon her.
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她生平第一次突然想到遭受社交界排斥的意义与可怕.
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来自互联网
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5. This ostracism is bizarre given that Mr Lobo won a reasonably free election in November.
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这一排斥显得莫名其妙,因为Lobo总统11月所赢得的是相当自由的民主选举.
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来自互联网
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更多相关例句：
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...those who have decided to risk social ostracism and stay on the wrong side of town.
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那些决定冒着遭受社会孤立之险、继续呆在贫民区的人【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...denunciation, tougher sanctions and ostracism from the civilised world.
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来自文明世界的谴责、更加严厉的制裁和排斥【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Some African healers blame illness on witchcraft, which can lead to ostracism of those accused.
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一些非洲医士将疾病归咎于巫术, 这可能会导致病人受到其他人的排斥.【期刊摘选】
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For the first time in her life the import and horror of ostracism flashed upon her.
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她生平第一次突然想到遭受社交界排斥的意义与可怕.【期刊摘选】
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Until I emigrated to America, my family and I endured progressive ostracism and discrimination.
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我的家庭和我自己忍受着变本加厉的排斥和歧视直到我移居美国.【辞典例句】
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This ostracism is bizarre given that Mr Lobo won a reasonably free election in November.
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这一排斥显得莫名其妙,因为Lobo总统11月所赢得的是相当自由的民主选举.【期刊摘选】
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Questioning the status quo carries the danger of ostracism, possibly persecution.
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质疑现状带来被排斥的危险, 还很可能受到迫害.【期刊摘选】
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