hard的翻译与解释是什么
发布于 2023-07-31 18:26:38
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详情：
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hard
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音标：英 [hɑːd] 美 [hɑrd]
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解释：
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adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的
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adv. 努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地
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n. (Hard)人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德
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中文词源：
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hard 坚硬的，坚固的，困难的，艰苦的来自古英语heard,坚固的，坚硬的，固定的，来自PIE*ker,硬的，词源同democracy,aristocracy.由坚硬的引申词义顽强的，耐受的，环境艰苦的，困难的等多种词义。可能来自PIE*sker,弯，转，编织，词源同cradle,crown.由编织引申词义团结，坚固。
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英文词源：
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hard
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hard: [OE] Hard comes ultimately from a prehistoric Indo-European *krátus, which denoted ‘power, strength’. This original meaning was carried over into Greek krátos ‘strength, power, authority’ (source of the ending -cracy in such English words as democracy and plutocracy), but the Germanic languages took it over mainly in the sense ‘resistant to physical pressure’.
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The prehistoric Germanic form *kharthuz produced, besides English hard, German hart, Dutch hard, Swedish hård, and Danish haard. The sense ‘difficult’, incidentally, developed in the 14th and 15th century from the notion ‘resistant to one’s efforts’. A Germanic derived verb *kharthjan ‘harden’ was borrowed into Old French as hardir ‘embolden’, and its past participle hardi ‘bold’ reached English as hardy [13].
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Its main modern sense, ‘robust, tough’, presumably a harking back to its distant English relative hard, developed in the 16th century.
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=> hardy
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hard (adj.)
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Old English heard "solid and firm, not soft," also, "difficult to endure, carried on with great exertion," also, of persons, "severe, rigorous, harsh, cruel," from Proto-Germanic *hardu- (cognates: Old Saxon hard, Old Frisian herd, Dutch hard, Old Norse harðr "hard," Old High German harto "extremely, very," German hart, Gothic hardus "hard"), from PIE *kortu- (cognates: Greek kratos "strength," kratys "strong"), suffixed form of root *kar-/*ker- "hard."
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Meaning "difficult to do" is from c. 1200. Of water, in reference to the presence of mineral salts, 1650s; of consonants, 1775. Hard of hearing preserves obsolete Middle English sense of "having difficulty in doing something." In the sense "strong, spiritous, fermented" from 1789 (as in hard cider, etc.), and this use probably is the origin of that in hard drugs (1955). Hard facts is from 1853; hard news in journalism is from 1918. Hard copy (as opposed to computer record) is from 1964; hard disk is from 1978; the computer hard drive is from 1983. Hard times "period of poverty" is from 1705. Hard money (1706) is specie, as opposed to paper. Hence 19c. U.S. hard (n.) "one who advocates the use of metallic money as the national currency" (1844). To play hard to get is from 1945. Hard rock as a pop music style recorded from 1967. To do something the hard way is from 1907.
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hard (adv.)
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Old English hearde "firmly, severely," from hard (adj.). Meaning "with effort or energy, with difficulty" is late 14c.
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双语例句：
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1. When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.
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当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。
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来自
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2. Talent, hard work and sheer tenacity are all crucial to career success.
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事业要成功，才能、勤奋和顽强的意志都至关重要。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. The federal government hiked the tax on hard liquor.
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联邦政府提高了烈性酒的税率。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. People are having to think hard about their holiday plans.
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人们现在得仔细地琢磨自己的度假计划。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. Many parents find it hard to discourage bad behaviour.
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很多父母觉得要孩子循规蹈矩是件很难的事情。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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I wanted her and she was playing hard to get.
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我想得到她，但她却故意装出不感兴趣的样子。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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California's been particularly hard hit by the recession.
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加利福尼亚受经济衰退的影响尤为严重。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The talks had been hard going at the start.
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会谈从一开始就举步维艰。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift.
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酒店行李搬运工因为被迫延长当班时间而愤愤不平。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory.
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天堂街是火车站附近一条拥挤的小街道，离该工厂很近。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance.
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有关亨利·普赛尔生平的可靠资料可能比任何其他文艺复兴以来的伟大作曲家都要少。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He wanted more hard evidence...
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他想要更多确凿的证据。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The sea was a hard blue.
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大海呈一片耀眼的蓝色。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I am expecting a long, hard winter.
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我估计冬天会漫长而寒冷。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a prolonged period of hard frost...
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漫长的强霜冻期【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Those were hard times.
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那些岁月是非常艰难的。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It had been a hard life for her...
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对她而言，那是一段非常艰苦的生活。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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These last four years have been hard on them.
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过去的这四年里他们吃了不少苦。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The grey light was hard on the eyes...
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光线暗淡对眼睛不利。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Don't be so hard on him.
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别对他太苛刻了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Kate realized that the previous hard look on Maggie's face had been a mask.
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凯特意识到玛吉原先的那副冷酷表情其实是装出来的。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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His father was a hard man...
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他的父亲是个冷酷无情的人。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It was snowing hard by then.
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当时雪下得很大。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I've never seen Terry laugh so hard...
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我从未见过特里如此放声大笑。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe.
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我狠狠地踢了一脚垃圾箱，结果脚趾骨折了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He looked at me hard...
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他使劲盯着我看。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe...
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你要仔细听才能听见老人的呼吸声。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a hard day's work...
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一天的辛苦工作【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Coping with three babies is very hard work...
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照顾3个宝宝是非常累人的活儿。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Am I trying too hard?
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我是不是努力过头了？【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down...
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我会努力工作，我不想让他失望。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms directed towards her and her work...
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她发现某些针对自己和自己工作的批评意见很难接受。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have...
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很难说最近这次行动会有什么结果。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his neck.
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一个冰冷梆硬的东西顶在了他的脖梗儿上。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor...
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他拖着脚在硬木地板上走动。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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You feel the same emotions – it is just as raw, just as fresh… You can't turn off that stream of memories, no matter how hard you try.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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It can be very hard to forget embarrassing moments, says Donohue.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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In fact, there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies conducted decades ago, Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book, Life Reimagined.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Auto makers and tech companies are working hard to offer the first true selfdriving car.【出自-2017年6月听力原文】
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What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype ( ' , 固定 看法 )? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.【出自-2016年6月阅读原文】
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We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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They understood that even geniuses have to work hard.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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In addition, they held hard work in high regard.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk ( ' , 垃圾 ) and should really carry warning labels? It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification ( ' , 快乐 ) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.
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